Compostable vs Biodegradable vs Recyclable: What the Labels Mean
The DiscountTillRolls.ie TeamCompostable means a material breaks down into compost under set conditions, usually tested against a standard such as EN 13432 for industrial composting. Biodegradable only means it will break down eventually, with no set timeframe, which is why it is a weak claim on its own. Recyclable means it can be collected and recycled, but only if your local system actually accepts it. None of these words means much without the right bin at the end.
This is general information, not legal advice. If you make green claims to the public, the rules have tightened, so it pays to be precise.
In this guide
The three labels compared
| Label | What it means | Watch out for |
|---|---|---|
| Compostable | Breaks down into compost under set conditions | Industrial and home composting are different |
| Biodegradable | Breaks down eventually | No timeframe, so it says little on its own |
| Recyclable | Can be collected and recycled | Only if it is clean and your local system accepts it |
Compostable
A compostable product is designed to break down into compost within a set time. Many are tested for industrial composting, which uses higher temperatures than a garden heap. Home compostable products are tested for the lower temperatures of home composting. In Ireland, whether compostable packaging can go in your brown bin depends on your waste provider. Our brown bin guide explains more.
Check the listing for certification details.
Biodegradable
Almost everything biodegrades eventually, given long enough. That is the problem with the word. Without a timeframe and conditions, it doesn't tell a customer much. Oxo-degradable plastics, which fragment into small pieces, have been banned in the EU since 2021, so be wary of any product that relies on that kind of claim.
Recyclable
Recyclable means the material can be recycled, but in practice it only happens if the item is clean, sorted correctly and accepted by your local collection. Mixed materials, like paper with a plastic lining, can be harder to recycle. For what goes in which bin in Ireland, mywaste.ie is a useful starting point. Materials with recycled content, like our 16oz rPET bowls with 30% recycled content, are a separate claim again.
Talking to customers honestly
EU rules on environmental claims to consumers have tightened under Directive (EU) 2024/825. In Ireland, the CCPC enforces consumer protection law. In short, claims made to the public need to be specific, accurate and able to be backed up. Some practical pointers:
- Be specific. "Cup certified compostable in industrial facilities" beats "eco friendly cup".
- Avoid vague words like "green", "eco" or "planet friendly" on their own.
- Say how to dispose of it. Tell customers which bin, if you know.
- Keep the evidence. Ask your supplier for certificates for anything you claim.
These rules are aimed at claims made to consumers. If you sell to the public, for example as a cafe, deli or shop, review your menus, signs and website. If you're unsure, take professional advice. For cafe specific rules, see our latte levy and single use plastic guide.
Sugarcane fibre plates for hot and heavy food.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between compostable and biodegradable?
Compostable means it breaks down into compost under set conditions within a set time. Biodegradable only means it breaks down eventually.
Can compostable packaging go in the brown bin in Ireland?
It depends on your waste provider. Check with them before telling customers it can.
Is recyclable packaging always recycled?
No. It has to be clean, correctly sorted and accepted by your local collection.
Can I call my packaging eco friendly?
Vague claims like that face more scrutiny. Use specific, provable claims instead, and take advice if unsure.
Packaging choices, made clearly.
Compostable, recyclable and recycled content packaging, from Dublin 12.
Shop compostable range →General information only, not legal advice. Call 01 443 3964 with product questions.